˙˙˙ 2026-04-21 08:06

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3.3 Digestive Parts

Upper Digestive System

Lower Digestive Tract Anterior

Explanations

• Liver
  • Helps with detoxification and secretes enzymes that break down chemicals typically not found in the system.
• Serosa of Stomach
  • The stomach is where digestion occurs, enzymes are secreted etc. However, the Serosa covers the 3 muscle layer of the stomach in a thin lubricant like stomach.
    • Serosa is a thin liquid lubricant, of which there is a entire layer for the entire Lower Digestive Tract
• Duodenum
  • This is where most absorption occurs. Further digestive enzymes are here.
• Pancreas
  • Secretes enzymes, such as nuclease, lipase, carbohydrase, protease etc.
  • Is the only organ that produces insulin, which regulates certain nutrients
  • Produces the enzymes needed for digestion
• Sigmoid Colon
  • Stores solid and gaseous waste
• Rectum
  • Temporary storage for feces, and connects the Sigmoid Colon to the Anus
• Anal Canal
  • This is where waste enters the body. This is facilitated by muscles known as the anal sphincter.

Lower Digestive Tract Posterior

Explanations

• Mesentery
  • These are small tissues that hold the small intestines in place. This is to prevent them from tangling
• Bile duct
  • The liver secretes bile, which helps digests fats and remove wastes. The bile duct connects the gall bladder, pancreas and liver.
• Appendix
  • A dead end tube projection at the bottom of the caecum.
• Caecum
  • This is a pouch at the start of the colon. It can help absorb salts and fluids.
    • It is connected by the ileocecal valve to the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon.

References